Personality TestsThe personality test and the personality questionnaire are used in order to determine a candidate's typicalreactions and attitudes to various situations. These tests might try to identify how well you get on withothers, your normal reaction to stressful situations or your feelings about the kind of people you like towork with.Personality Test ConditionsIt is unlikely that personality tests or questionnaires will be timed or indeed have right or wrong answers.Do not let this lack of exam conditions fool you. Some employers will know precisely what they are lookingfor in terms of an ideal 'Personality Profile' and it is up to you to meet their expectations. It is unwise totry to fake the answers. These questionnaires usually have some type of internal checking where the same question is asked with different wording early and late in the test to try to detect dishonest answers.Ultimately, there is little point in pretending to be the kind of employee a firm is looking for if you are notright for them. If they think your personality is unsuitable for their company, their company is probablyalso unsuitable for your personality.Case Study / Case Study InterviewCase study questions were first introduced into interviews by management consulting firms. They are nowused by many employers, in particular city firms such as the big 4.Case study questions are used to test candidates' analytical skills, creativity and problem solving ability.They are also used to test candidates understanding of basic commercial principles and ability to interpretdata from tables and charts. They can also be used to give candidates a sense of the type of work they will be doing at a firm. Often case study exercises can be linked in with group exercises, written and e-trayexercises at assessment centres.Typically, a case study will consist of a business scenario that is presented to the candidate on one orseveral pages. The business scenario will often consist of a situation involving a client's business, and youwill have to comment on what advice you would give the client in their current situation. Normally you willbe given some time to study the information provided, and then discuss the case study as part of yourinterview.Interviewers will be looking for: * Your ability to reason logically. * Your ability to justify your points clearly. * Your ability to understand basic commercial principles.Answers do not require any specific knowledge. Most questions can be answered with common sense. Anyinformation that is required for answering the case study questions will be provided.In certain circumstances, interviewers may offer little or no background information with their questions.This puts added pressure on candidates, forcing them to work out a solution based on their ownknowledge, or an analysis of the limited information available. This does not in general apply to candidatesapplying for accounting to the Big 4, and is relatively rare these days.Strategy for the Case Study * Use the preparation time effectively. * Underline noteworthy sections in the text. This will help you work quicker and more accurately. * You will normally be permitted to make notes and take these to the interview. Identify the key issues,and then prioritise them by importance so that you discuss the most pertinent issues first. * When in the interview, stay focussed on the case study, and do not get sidetracked into talking aboutthe real-world industry unless asked to do so. * Speak clearly. Remember they are assessing you analytical and reasoning skills. * The interviewer will deliberately reason with you to force you to justify and defend your answers. Beprepared to justify all your main points. * Remember, there are no right answers; consider all lines of argument however present one as yourchosen opinion, mentioning why you discredited the other possibilities.PresentationA presentation is a short persuasive talk that must be given as part of an interview or assessment day.Employers will either ask you to prepare a presentation in advance, or more usually on the day ofassessment itself. You may have to give your presentation to a single interviewer, a group of assessors, or even a room full of other candidates. Depending on your assessor(s), you should also be prepared toanswer questions at the end of your presentation posed by your audience.To give a successful presentation you need to show that you can put information across to other peopleclearly, confidently and consicely. You must support your ideas and themes with anecdotes, examples,statistics and facts. Aim for a conversational delivery, using brief notes or bullet points, rather thanmemorising and reciting, or reading from a prepared sheet. Try to establish eye contact with everyonearound you. Speak clearly, take your time and don't try to rush through your delivery.PreparationIt is essential you practice your presentation before the interview. Give presentations to friends and familywell in advance of your interviews, rehearse in the mirror or record yourself on camera or tape to analyseyour delivery. If you give a good presentation at interview you will give interviewers a very goodimpression of yourself and all the practice you have put in will pay off.ContentCandidates should keep their presentations simple, straight-forward and easy to understand. If you try too hard (for example, to be funny or clever) you run a serious risk of embarrassing yourself.Keep things sharp, succinct and to the point. Don't over elaborate, or waffle for the sake of using up time.It is important to be articulate, and not to use slang. Throughout your presentation you must beprofessional, as professional in fact as you would expect your interviewers to be.Keeping track of time is important during your presentation. If you have been asked to prepare apresentation of five minutes, make sure you present for at least four and a half or at most five and a half.Giving a short presentation looks like a candidate is under-prepared. Giving a long presentation runs therisk of boring or agitating your assessors.PerformanceThe most important part of your presentation is how you present. Interviewers are looking for candidateswho are naturally professional - confident, articulate and presentable. Essentially, interviewers are lookingfor candidates that they would be happy about putting in front of one of their clients.When delivering your presentation take note of the following: * Voice: Speak clearly and loudly enough for everyone to hear during your presentation. Vary the toneof your voice to keep your audience interested. Don't speak too fast and be confident enough to leavespace between any key points you make, if necessary. * Eyes: Maintain eye contact with your audience throughout your presentation. Look from person toperson as you talk to keep everyone engaged. * Smile: Be positive throughout your presentation. Smile when you begin, keep smiling as you talk, andconclude with a smile. People naturally prefer people who smile, especially your interviewers! * Stance: Stand up straight, with your shoulders back and feet pointing straight at your audience whendelivering your presentation. Use your hands to elaborate what you are saying if you need to, but notexcessively.ConclusionAt the end of your presentation, rephrase the original question (or title of your presentation) and answer it with your conclusion. Thank your audience, smile and offer a chance for questions to be asked.E-tray ExerciseAn E-tray exercise is a computer based simulation of an email in box that lasts for, and must be completedwithin, a fixed amount of time. During the exercise emails will arrive into your in box e-tray and you willbe required to: * Make basic calculations; * Extract information from data provided; * Make judgement calls on how to deal with demanding managers/unhappy clients etc.The E-tray exercise is the electronic equivalent of the In-tray exercise.Master the In Tray ExerciseNormally the answers to this exercise are multiple choice. Be careful with calculation questions. Typically,the wrong answers listed will be common errors for that problem and can be misleading. You do notalways necessarily need all the information provided, and sometimes more information than is necessarywill be provided, to distract you.Emails in an e-tray exercise will often arrive slowly at first and then get faster as time progresses. It isimportant that you do not begin to select random answers at the end as they will be testing to see howyou perform under pressure.E-tray Written ExerciseSome E-tray exercises will have a written part as well, where you will be required to respond to an email.Typically, no spell-checker is provided, so you must be certain to use words that you can spell confidently.Make sure you respond in a style appropriate to the email you have been sent, and ensure that it has aclear, logical structure.Keep watch over time, and make sure you proof read what you have written before the time is up.In-tray exerciseAn In-tray exercise is a paper based business simulation. For this exercise you will be given a scenario anda number of related documents, such as letters from the company, organisation charts and news reports.You will then be required to make decisions and produce responses to certain tasks.Written ExerciseEmployers often use a written exercise to assess job candidates. Written exercises usually test acombination of: common sense, comprehension skills, verbal reasoning, the ability to structure a letter, anessay or an argument, note taking ability and written communication skills. A candidate's knowledge ofspecific industry issues or work procedures is not usually tested. The subject of your written exercise mayalso be used as the basis for a discussion in a later interview.Written Exercise ExamplesExamples of written exercises used by firms include: * Write a report on the pros and cons of a takeover bid, based on 12-pages of material provided. * Summarise the facts of a case file, listing its strengths and weaknesses. * Summarise a Law report for a client who is concerned with the issues it covers but has no specificlegal knowledge. * Write a letter of complaint to a local council on behalf of an elderly resident.You will typically be given between 40-60 minutes to complete a written exercise.